Impact of religious tourism on the economic development, energy consumption and environmental degradation: evidence from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Published in: Tourism Review
Mar 01, 2023
Mosab Tabash
Amer Qasem
Belkacem Athamena
Purpose: Saudi Arabia is the main destination of religious tourism, as it has many spiritual places. With the passage of years, the figures for pilgrim visits are increasing, which is contributing to the economic growth of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). However, pilgrims’ visits can create strong opportunity costs in the form of environmental degradation. Owing to these notions, this study aims to discover the impact of religious tourism on the quality of the natural environment of Saudi Ar...
Metamaterial inspired electromagnetic bandgap filter for ultra-wide stopband screening devices of electromagnetic interference
Published in: Scientific Reports
Jan 10, 2023
Presented here is a reactively loaded microstrip transmission line that exhibit an ultra-wide bandgap. The reactive loading is periodically distributed along the transmission line, which is electromagnetically coupled. The reactive load consists of a circular shaped patch which is converted to a metamaterial structure by embedded on it two concentric slit-rings. The patch is connected to the ground plane with a via-hole. The resulting structure exhibits electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) properties....
Funding Higher Education as a Strategic Good of a Nation
Published in: Int. J. of Economics and Business Research
Jan 01, 2023
In this paper, we propose that higher education should be seen as a strategic good of nations. We argue that Higher education is neither a private, nor a public good, and that its facilitation by governments, and its attainment of citizens is critically required for the wellbeing of a nation. As well, we use the partnership funding model of higher education as a framework to facilitate the strategic investment in higher education by economically capable governments. We used enrollment and fu...
Retention contracts with asymmetric information: optimistic approach vs pessimistic approach
Published in: Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting
Jan 01, 2023
Belkacem Athamena
Zina houhamdi
Amer Qasem
This paper aims to focus on the utilization of retention contracts to screen and discipline managers in a context in which the council, board of directors, possesses incomplete information about the consequences of managers’ decisions. The analysis enlightens us on empire building, on the slight connection between achievement and firing, and describes concerns about the belief that low achievements result from bad managers. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes a basic model to sh...